National Sample Census of Agriculture 2011-2012
Nepal, 2012
Central Bureau of Statistics
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Identification
Survey ID Number
NPL-CBS-NSCA-2011-v2
Title
National Sample Census of Agriculture 2011-2012
Translated Title
Rastriya Krishi Ganana 2068
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nepal | NPL |
Study type
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
Series Information
The National Sample Census of Agriculture (NSCA), 2011/12 is the sixth decennial census of agriculture of Nepal conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics. The first had been undertaken in 1961/62. The second, third, fourth and fifth had been undertaken in 1971/72, 1981/82 , 1991/92 and 2001/02 respectively. Like the previous censuses, the NSCA 2011 covered all districts of the country.
Abstract
The National Sample Census of Agriculture 2011/12 (NSCA 2011) conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics is the most recent census of agriculture in Government of Nepal. The first census in this country was conducted in 1961/62. Since then the Census of Agriculture has been conducted decennially: 1971/72, 1981/82, 1991/92 and 2001/02
The NSCA 2011 was undertaken in two phases. The first phase involved the complete enumeration of all agricultural holdings in the country including the area of the holding and livestock number. The enumeration of all the holdings was an integral activity of the first phase of the National Population and Housing Census 2011. Some questions on agricultural activities were asked to identify the agricultural holding. The second phase of the NSCA 2011 was the selection and enumeration of sample holdings to widen the scope of the census from January to June 2012. Data on agricultural crops gathered refer to calendar year 2011 while the livestock and poultry population refers at the time of enumeration, from January to June 2012.
The main objective of the census of agriculture of Nepal is to publish data at district level on the following:
1. Structure and characteristics of the holding such as size, agricultural land use, land tenure, land fragmentation, area planted to crops, number of livestock, and others;
2. To provide benchmark data for improving the reliability of estimates from current agricultural survey; and,
3. To provide basic data for national, ecological belts and development regions levels for national as well as sub-national policy, planning and decision making purposes.
The NSCA 2011 was undertaken in two phases. The first phase involved the complete enumeration of all agricultural holdings in the country including the area of the holding and livestock number. The enumeration of all the holdings was an integral activity of the first phase of the National Population and Housing Census 2011. Some questions on agricultural activities were asked to identify the agricultural holding. The second phase of the NSCA 2011 was the selection and enumeration of sample holdings to widen the scope of the census from January to June 2012. Data on agricultural crops gathered refer to calendar year 2011 while the livestock and poultry population refers at the time of enumeration, from January to June 2012.
The main objective of the census of agriculture of Nepal is to publish data at district level on the following:
1. Structure and characteristics of the holding such as size, agricultural land use, land tenure, land fragmentation, area planted to crops, number of livestock, and others;
2. To provide benchmark data for improving the reliability of estimates from current agricultural survey; and,
3. To provide basic data for national, ecological belts and development regions levels for national as well as sub-national policy, planning and decision making purposes.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
Individual, Agricultural household
Version
Version Description
Version 2: Edited data, final version for public use.
Version Date
2013-12-01
Scope
Notes
The NSCA 2011 adopted most of the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in the collection of data under the following main headings:
1. Identification. Holding and holder identification.
2. Holder characteristics. Age and sex of holder; legal status of the holding; use of produce from holding; whether received agricultural loan and the source.
3. Demographic and other characteristics. Age and sex of household members. Characteristics of the farm population were gathered in the National Population and Housing Census 2011 but will be included in the NSCA 2011 analysis of results.
4. Employment. For agricultural labour: permanent workers by sex and employment of occasional workers. Economic activities of the members of the household of the holder were not taken in the agriculture census because these were already covered in the National Population and Housing Census 2011 but will be included in the analysis of results of the NSCA 2011.
5. Land and water. For holding as a whole: number of parcels; area; type of land; irrigated land, source of irrigation; etc. For each parcel: area; type of land; type of soil, color of soil; irrigated; area rented from others; whether rented out land; land use (whether arable, land under temporary crops, temporary meadow, temporary fallow; land under permanent crops; permanent meadows and pasture; pond; woodland/forest; and land not elsewhere classified) land tenure; and part of holding made uncultivable due to flooding and/or soil erosion during the reference year.
6. Crops. Temporary crops: name of crops grown and area harvested on each parcel. Permanent crops: name of crops grown for each parcel; number of trees of productive and non-productive ages in compact plantations; and number of scattered trees. Use of agricultural inputs for major crops: type of seed; fertilizers, organic and inorganic: area and quantity of inorganic (chemical) fertilizer used; pesticides; use of irrigation and high yielding varieties of seeds; cropping patterns for each parcel, whether pure stand, mixed crop, or associated crop.
7. Livestock. Animal numbers by type according to age and sex; poultry numbers: chicken classified by sex and for female, whether laying eggs or not.
8. Machinery and equipment. Use of items of agricultural machinery and equipment; number of items; and source (owned by holder, common, landlord, or others).
9. Buildings and other structures. Whether non-residential buildings used for agricultural purposes; tenure and type of these buildings.
10. Ancillary activities on the holding. Existence of forest trees and fisheries on the holding; number of forest trees; type and area of fishing installation.
1. Identification. Holding and holder identification.
2. Holder characteristics. Age and sex of holder; legal status of the holding; use of produce from holding; whether received agricultural loan and the source.
3. Demographic and other characteristics. Age and sex of household members. Characteristics of the farm population were gathered in the National Population and Housing Census 2011 but will be included in the NSCA 2011 analysis of results.
4. Employment. For agricultural labour: permanent workers by sex and employment of occasional workers. Economic activities of the members of the household of the holder were not taken in the agriculture census because these were already covered in the National Population and Housing Census 2011 but will be included in the analysis of results of the NSCA 2011.
5. Land and water. For holding as a whole: number of parcels; area; type of land; irrigated land, source of irrigation; etc. For each parcel: area; type of land; type of soil, color of soil; irrigated; area rented from others; whether rented out land; land use (whether arable, land under temporary crops, temporary meadow, temporary fallow; land under permanent crops; permanent meadows and pasture; pond; woodland/forest; and land not elsewhere classified) land tenure; and part of holding made uncultivable due to flooding and/or soil erosion during the reference year.
6. Crops. Temporary crops: name of crops grown and area harvested on each parcel. Permanent crops: name of crops grown for each parcel; number of trees of productive and non-productive ages in compact plantations; and number of scattered trees. Use of agricultural inputs for major crops: type of seed; fertilizers, organic and inorganic: area and quantity of inorganic (chemical) fertilizer used; pesticides; use of irrigation and high yielding varieties of seeds; cropping patterns for each parcel, whether pure stand, mixed crop, or associated crop.
7. Livestock. Animal numbers by type according to age and sex; poultry numbers: chicken classified by sex and for female, whether laying eggs or not.
8. Machinery and equipment. Use of items of agricultural machinery and equipment; number of items; and source (owned by holder, common, landlord, or others).
9. Buildings and other structures. Whether non-residential buildings used for agricultural purposes; tenure and type of these buildings.
10. Ancillary activities on the holding. Existence of forest trees and fisheries on the holding; number of forest trees; type and area of fishing installation.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agriculture & Rural Development | World Bank |
| Forests & Forestry | World Bank |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National, Development Region, Ecological belt, Urban and Rural, District
Geographic Unit
District
Universe
All agricultural households having a minimum specified agricultural land area operated by holding. A holding was considered to be an agricultural unit satisfying any one of the following conditions:
* having area under crops greater than or equal to a quarter of a ropani (or four anna) in the hill or mountain district (0.01272 hectares), or greater than or equal to eight dhur (0.01355
hectares) in the Terai; or
* keeping one or more head of cattle or buffaloes; or
* keeping five or more head of sheep or goats; or
* keeping 20 or more poultry.
A household with livestock but no land was not considered a holding if the household did not use the livestock for agricultural purposes (e.g. a livestock trader). The holding includes all land operated, whether or not it is owned by the holding. The holding's land may consist of one or more parcels located in one or more separate areas within a district. The holding is generally the same as a household.Public grazing land is excluded. Land owned jointly by more than one person for grazing or for other purposes is included.
* having area under crops greater than or equal to a quarter of a ropani (or four anna) in the hill or mountain district (0.01272 hectares), or greater than or equal to eight dhur (0.01355
hectares) in the Terai; or
* keeping one or more head of cattle or buffaloes; or
* keeping five or more head of sheep or goats; or
* keeping 20 or more poultry.
A household with livestock but no land was not considered a holding if the household did not use the livestock for agricultural purposes (e.g. a livestock trader). The holding includes all land operated, whether or not it is owned by the holding. The holding's land may consist of one or more parcels located in one or more separate areas within a district. The holding is generally the same as a household.Public grazing land is excluded. Land owned jointly by more than one person for grazing or for other purposes is included.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | National Planning Commission Secreteriat, Government of Nepal |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Nepal | GoN | Overall implemention of survey undertaking |
| Food and Agriculture Organization | FAO | Providing the National and International consultants for sampling Design. |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Agriculture Development | GoN | Input in questionnaire design |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
CENSUS METHODOLOGY
A. Complete Enumeration of Holdings, Area and Livestock
The census methodology in undertaking National Sample Census of Agriculture 2011/12, Nepal is a combination of complete enumeration and sampling. The NSCA 2011 was implemented in two phases. The first phase was the complete enumeration of all holdings, their area and the number of livestock and poultry raised by all households in the country as an integral activity in the listing operations of the National Population and Housing Census 2011. Two questions were asked concerning agricultural activities of households, namely: total area of the agriculture holding and total number of livestock/poultry kept by the households. All households listed in the Population Census 2011 that possessed the characteristics of the holding as defined in the agriculture census were identified as agricultural holdings. These holdings and their corresponding areas and number of livestock kept including their household population were compiled by ward for all the 75 districts of Nepal from which the sampling frame was constructed.
B. Sampling Design and Selection
A two-stage area sampling was employed in the selection of the samples for enumeration to obtain the characteristics of the holdings for the NSCA 2011.
The first stage: selection of a stratified sample of enumeration areas (EAs) with probability proportional to the
expected number of holdings (stratified PPS sampling);
The second stage: within selected EAs, the selection of a sample agricultural holding using stratified systematic
random sampling.
Enumeration areas were defined as wards or, in cases where wards contained less than 25 holdings, combinations of wards. In cases of very large wards, smaller segments were prepared for making sizable EAs. For such wards, the block maps prepared during the 2011 population census were used.
The number of EAs allocated for each district was determined on the basis of the total area under the nine major crops in the district ( Xd). The average area of the nine major crops (for the last three years) published by the Ministry of Agriculture Development (MoAD) was the measure of size for the allocation. The number of EAs (nd) selected from a district was based on the following "compromise power" allocation:
nd Proportional to (Xd)0.4
However, the districts having less than 50 EAs were assigned to 50 EAs for better estimation. Thus, districts varied from 50 to 107 EAs according to their agricultural importance.
Between 20 and 30 holdings were selected in each selected EA. To select the sample, holdings were divided into four strata (based on the size of the holding) and systematic random sampling was applied in each stratum. Holdings were identified on the basis of the place of residence of the person operating the holding.
The sample selection was done in such a way that all holdings in a given district had the same chance of selection in the sample. Manang District was completely enumerated because it had only a small number of holdings.
Altogether, 5,200 EAs were selected. The final sample of the holdings for the country was 1,24,144.
A. Complete Enumeration of Holdings, Area and Livestock
The census methodology in undertaking National Sample Census of Agriculture 2011/12, Nepal is a combination of complete enumeration and sampling. The NSCA 2011 was implemented in two phases. The first phase was the complete enumeration of all holdings, their area and the number of livestock and poultry raised by all households in the country as an integral activity in the listing operations of the National Population and Housing Census 2011. Two questions were asked concerning agricultural activities of households, namely: total area of the agriculture holding and total number of livestock/poultry kept by the households. All households listed in the Population Census 2011 that possessed the characteristics of the holding as defined in the agriculture census were identified as agricultural holdings. These holdings and their corresponding areas and number of livestock kept including their household population were compiled by ward for all the 75 districts of Nepal from which the sampling frame was constructed.
B. Sampling Design and Selection
A two-stage area sampling was employed in the selection of the samples for enumeration to obtain the characteristics of the holdings for the NSCA 2011.
The first stage: selection of a stratified sample of enumeration areas (EAs) with probability proportional to the
expected number of holdings (stratified PPS sampling);
The second stage: within selected EAs, the selection of a sample agricultural holding using stratified systematic
random sampling.
Enumeration areas were defined as wards or, in cases where wards contained less than 25 holdings, combinations of wards. In cases of very large wards, smaller segments were prepared for making sizable EAs. For such wards, the block maps prepared during the 2011 population census were used.
The number of EAs allocated for each district was determined on the basis of the total area under the nine major crops in the district ( Xd). The average area of the nine major crops (for the last three years) published by the Ministry of Agriculture Development (MoAD) was the measure of size for the allocation. The number of EAs (nd) selected from a district was based on the following "compromise power" allocation:
nd Proportional to (Xd)0.4
However, the districts having less than 50 EAs were assigned to 50 EAs for better estimation. Thus, districts varied from 50 to 107 EAs according to their agricultural importance.
Between 20 and 30 holdings were selected in each selected EA. To select the sample, holdings were divided into four strata (based on the size of the holding) and systematic random sampling was applied in each stratum. Holdings were identified on the basis of the place of residence of the person operating the holding.
The sample selection was done in such a way that all holdings in a given district had the same chance of selection in the sample. Manang District was completely enumerated because it had only a small number of holdings.
Altogether, 5,200 EAs were selected. The final sample of the holdings for the country was 1,24,144.
Response Rate
Not available
Weighting
The Census of Agriculture sample was designed to be self-weighting within each district, i.e. all holdings within a district have the same chance of being included in the sample. Sample weights are available for each of the data files and is called samplewgt.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2012-01 | 2012-03 | First phase |
| 2012-04 | 2012-06 | Second phase |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
There are two types of supervisor. First one is central supervisor and the other is field Supervisors. Central supervisors are from central Bureau of statistics and Branch Statistics Offices (BSOs) where as the field supervisors are from BSOs and districts government offices as well as in contract.
Field Supervisors supervise day to day work of enumerators. One supervisior controls 4 enumeretators. Supervisors supervised daily works of the enumeretors and selected Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU) from selected EAs after listing all Agricultural households of a selected ward. District Officers and Supervisors supervise the field work intensively. In addition to this central supervision were also frequently done.
Field Supervisors supervise day to day work of enumerators. One supervisior controls 4 enumeretators. Supervisors supervised daily works of the enumeretors and selected Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU) from selected EAs after listing all Agricultural households of a selected ward. District Officers and Supervisors supervise the field work intensively. In addition to this central supervision were also frequently done.
Data Collection Notes
A pilot survey was conducted in 2010. Training for district officers and supervisors was held in the centre and training for the field supervisors and enumerators was held in districts at the beginning of the field work. On the average, one hour is taken for filling the questionnaire i.e. schedule. Nepali national language was used for conducting the interviews.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | CBS | National Planning Commission Secretrriat |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Household Questionnaire (Schedule 2): The questionnaires for the National Sample Census of Agriculture were structured questionnaires based on FAO recomendation with some modifications and additions. The main questionnaire was Schedule-2 which contains the following topics:
Part 0: Identification Information
Part 1:Information on Holder and respondent
Part 2: General Information
Part 3: Description of Pupulation
Part 4: Description for Land and Water
Part 5: Crops
Part 6: Livestock and Poultry
Part 7: Agriculture machinary and Equipment by Source and Use
Part 8: Non-Residential Building
Part 9 : Forest, Feshery and Anciliarry agricultural Activities
Part 10 : Agricultural Loan
Part 11: Miscellaneous
Community Questionnaire (Schedule 3): This community questionnaire is adapted first time in Nepal. The aim of the questionnare is to collect infomation of the community i.e selected enumeration area. It contains four section given bellow:
0. Information on Enumeration
1. Land used and Other Information of the ward
2. Social and Economic Situation of the ward
3. Community Structure and Facilitiy of the ward
4. On going Development Program in the ward
The questionnaire in Nepali and English version are attached in the external resources section.
Part 0: Identification Information
Part 1:Information on Holder and respondent
Part 2: General Information
Part 3: Description of Pupulation
Part 4: Description for Land and Water
Part 5: Crops
Part 6: Livestock and Poultry
Part 7: Agriculture machinary and Equipment by Source and Use
Part 8: Non-Residential Building
Part 9 : Forest, Feshery and Anciliarry agricultural Activities
Part 10 : Agricultural Loan
Part 11: Miscellaneous
Community Questionnaire (Schedule 3): This community questionnaire is adapted first time in Nepal. The aim of the questionnare is to collect infomation of the community i.e selected enumeration area. It contains four section given bellow:
0. Information on Enumeration
1. Land used and Other Information of the ward
2. Social and Economic Situation of the ward
3. Community Structure and Facilitiy of the ward
4. On going Development Program in the ward
The questionnaire in Nepali and English version are attached in the external resources section.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The data were subjected to the following editing processes:
1. Manual editing and coding were done at the head office after collecting the filled questionnaires.
2. Completeness check after data entry done by a completeness checking computer program.
3. Machine editting by machine editing program.
1. Manual editing and coding were done at the head office after collecting the filled questionnaires.
2. Completeness check after data entry done by a completeness checking computer program.
3. Machine editting by machine editing program.
Other Processing
The data entry process includes the following steps:
1. Data entry
2. Structure and completeness checking
3. Verification entry
4. Comparison of verification data
1. Data entry
2. Structure and completeness checking
3. Verification entry
4. Comparison of verification data
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Not calculted
Data Appraisal
NSCA 2011, data were compared with data from the previous agriculture census series as well as population census 2011 data quality. Results comparisons are given in the Highlights and Agricultural Monograph.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal | dg@cbs.gov.np | www.cbs.gov.np |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director of Publication, Dissemination and Library SectionDirector of Publication, Dissemination and Library Section Central Bureau of Statistics archive@cbs.gov.np www.cbs.gov.np Director of Publication, Dissemination and Library Section Central Bureau of Statistics archive@cbs.gov.np www.cbs.gov.np | Central Bureau of Statistics | archive@cbs.gov.np | www.cbs.gov.np |
Confidentiality
Confidentiality of the respondents is guaranteed by article 8 of Statistics Act 1958.
Restriction on publication of information and details
Any information or details relating to any person, family, firm or company, which have been supplied, obtained or prepared pursuant to Section 3 or Section 4 or Section 5 or Section 6 or Section 7 or any part of such information or details, shall not be disclosed or published directly except to the Director General or to any other officer of the Bureau without the written permission of the person or of his or her authorized representative supplying such information or details.
Access conditions
The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset from CBS premises. It is accessible to all users for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Central Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CBS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the CBS or among data from the CBS and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the CBS.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Central Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CBS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the CBS or among data from the CBS and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the CBS.
Citation requirements
Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. National Sample Census of Agriculture 2011. Dataset downloaded from National Data Archive (NADA): http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal bears no responsibility for any outcomes or for interpretations or inferences arising from the use of the dataset, or use of the information provided on the study.
Copyright
(c) 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-NPL-CBS-NSCA-2011-v01
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | CBS | National Planning Commission Secretariat, Government of Nepal | Documentation of the Study |
Date of Metadata Production
2015-08-24
DDI Document version
Version 01 (August 2015): original documentation of the study.